• Several bacterial functional pathways were

  2022-04-13

  

  Several bacterial functional pathways were observed after DON administration, of which signal transduction, metabolism and genetic information processing displayed the highest levels of enrichment. Importantly, these three pathways were reported to be closely associated with DON's toxicity. Many evi

• The ER is responsible for calcium storage lipid

  2022-04-12

  

  The ER is responsible for calcium storage, lipid and protein biosynthesis, and the folding, assembly, and maturation of proteins [23], and ER stress is one of the main causes in T2DM, which leads to β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction [[5], [6], [7]]. In this study, TG was used as an ER stress inducer.

• br Expression profile of GPR As noted above

  2022-04-12

  

  Expression profile of GPR35 As noted above, initial studies indicated expression of GPR35 in rat intestine [1] and stomach [2]. Subsequent studies have confirmed significant expression levels in the small intestine, colon and stomach, and this might be relevant in the association between a GPR35

• wh4 br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion br

  2022-04-12

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Disclosures Author contributions Acknowledgements Introduction Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest growing chronic diseases worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 382 million patients, of which about 90% have type 2 diabetes melli

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-04-12

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion ENU mutagenesis is a powerful approach to identify novel genes or purchase roscovitine to dissect the molecular basis of mammalian immune system (Siggs, 2014). T cells are critical components in the host defense against pathogens, and their activity

• Gp induces cell death by apoptotic mechanisms and

  2022-04-12

  

  Gp120 induces cell death by apoptotic mechanisms and increases intracellular Ca, and activates messengers related to cell death. Intracellular mechanisms of neuronal damage are mainly a consequence of the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) [2], [5], which induces excitotoxicity

• In breeding season small mammals increase

  2022-04-12

  

  In breeding season, small mammals increase dispersal and social communication to maximize their opportunity to mate. In the present study, we found that gerbils in April showed more locomotion and exploratory behavior in the open field test. Moreover, subadult gerbils in April and July were more lik

• Transcriptional translational modulators The discovery that

  2022-04-12

  

  Transcriptional/translational modulators. The discovery that β-lactam antibiotics like ceftriaxone enhance the in vivo expression of EAAT2/GLT-1 [31] has pioneered a completely new approach to EAAT modulation, with several additional EAAT activators following in its trail (Figure 2b) [32, 33, 34•, 3

• There are human genes in the SLC A

  2022-04-12

  

  There are 12 human genes in the SLC5A family, and 6 of these are expressed in human heart (Table 2). Little is known about SGLT proteins in the heart. Zhou et al. [56] reported the presence of SGLT1 mRNA in the human heart. Researchers have found that levels of SGLT1 mRNA in heart are approximately

• The post translational modification O GlcNAcylation is

  2022-04-12

  

  The post-translational modification O-GlcNAcylation is also dependent upon glucose fluctuations. O-GlcNAcylation has been linked to insulin resistance and glucose toxicity in diabetes and its comorbidities [11]. O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic modification tightly regulated by the nutritional sensor UD

• br Hedgehog HH signaling plays an important role both during

  2022-04-12

  

  Hedgehog (HH) signaling plays an important role both during embryonic development and adult life. It is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation, cell proliferation and tissue polarity, as well as in the maintenance of stem cells, tissue repair, and regeneration (, ). Three ligands, Ind

• br Results and Discussion br STAR Methods br Author

  2022-04-12

  

  Results and Discussion STAR★Methods Author Contributions Conflicts of Interest J.P.F. is a consultant for AstraZeneca, BMS, Johnson and Johnson, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi, a member of the advisory panel for AstraZeneca and Sanofi, a member of the speaker’s bureau for Sanofi and Novo Nordi

• Discrepancies in the reported results

  2022-04-12

  

  Discrepancies in the reported results and conclusions from different groups regarding studies in ghrelin−/− and ghsr−/− mice are likely explained by the mixed background of the mutant mice used in the different studies [35]; although in the case of mice exposed to HFD, exposure to a HFD immediately

• br During cardiac ischaemia a decrease in GJ coupling

  2022-04-12

  

  During cardiac ischaemia, a decrease in GJ coupling is observed, which results in slower conduction of electrical impulses and a higher risk of arrhythmias.[13], [20] In Huntington’s disease an increase in the DPQ of 5 Cxs was observed in the astrocytes in the brain, suggesting an adaptive protec

• As mentioned earlier two different isoforms of TFE have been

  2022-04-12

  

  As mentioned earlier two different isoforms of TFE3 [16] have been reported viz. the full length (TFE3L) and smaller (TFE3S) without exon 1&2. TFE3S lacks an N-terminal acidic activation domain which is present in TFE3L hence is a dominant negative form of TFE3L [51]. This dominant negative feature

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