• Salivary amylase activity was not significantly different be

  2024-03-14

  

  Salivary α-amylase activity was not significantly different between bitches with pyometra and healthy bitches, and there were no significant changes after ovariohysterectomy, similar to chromogranin A (Jitpean et al., 2015). Therefore, it is postulated that the SAM axis is not activated in bitches w

• 7026 Sperm total motility and hyperactivated motility are me

  2024-03-14

  

  Sperm total motility and hyperactivated motility are mediated by PLD-dependent 7026 polymerization [20]. Reduction of PIP2 synthesis inhibited actin polymerization and motility, and increasing PIP2 synthesis enhanced these activities. Furthermore, sperm demonstrating low motility contained low leve

• br Conclusion Biotransformation of trachyloban oic acid by S

  2024-03-14

  

  Conclusion Biotransformation of trachyloban-19-oic Stiripentol by S. racemosum provided three products. Oxidation of compound 1 at C-17 (2–3), as well as rearrangement of 1 into a kaurane diterpene hydroxylated in C-16 and C-17 (4) were crucial for increasing AChE inhibitory activity. Compound 3

• Several studies have recently used optogenetics

  2024-03-14

  

  Several studies have recently used optogenetics to selectively activate various cholinergic neurons (Jiang et al., 2014). However, most do not explicitly report direct release of GABA from cholinergic fibers, with the exception of our two studies described above (Saunders et al., 2015a, Saunders et 

• Another open question is whether GABA and ACh are

  2024-03-14

  

  Another open question is whether GABA and ACh are released from the same synaptic vesicles, or even the same presynaptic terminals. Multi-transmitter neurons may either function through co-release, in which multiple neurotransmitters are packaged into the same presynaptic terminal and are therefore

• The GRAVY value for a protein is calculated as

  2024-03-13

  

  The GRAVY value for a protein is calculated as the sum of hydropathy values of all the amino acids, divided by the number of residues in the sequence (Kyte and Doolittle, 1982). According to Kyte and Doolittle (1982) integral membrane proteins typically have higher GRAVY scores than do globular prot

• Introduction According to Uganda s Ministry

  2024-03-13

  

  Introduction According to Uganda's Ministry of Health (MOH 2012a:91), intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) to avoid malaria during pregnancy is a free preventive service available to all pregnant women without clinical signs and symptoms of malaria, attending prenatal clinics. However, pregnant

• Second the phosphorylation events e g Thr and Ser

  2024-03-13

  

  Second, the phosphorylation events (e.g., α-Thr172 and β-Ser108) needed for AMPK activation by small molecules binding at the ADaM or other sites remains unclear. Within the β-GBD, phosphorylation of β1-Ser108 was shown to be required for the activation by small molecules binding in the ADaM site, s

• The RAS may have different functions depending

  2024-03-13

  

  The RAS may have different functions depending on whether we consider the circulatory component or the different local tissue systems (including brain) well described previously [29]. The cardiovascular control and hydroelectrolytic balance (among other functions), are largely the result of the infl

• Another possible scenario is that

  2024-03-13

  

  Another possible scenario is that the same pathologic process has different effects in different people. It might be that the pathway outlined in Fig. 6A is operative in some individuals, but other individuals have a factor Q (which could be genetic or environmental) that blocks the effect of A on T

• Activation of AhR is also known to upregulate

  2024-03-13

  

  Activation of AhR is also known to upregulate the expression of AhRR (AhR repressor), an inhibitor protein of AhR [29]. However, the exact mechanism by which AhRR represses AhR signaling is not well understood. The initial study by Mimura and colleagues suggested that AhRR is capable of directly com

• br Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr

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  Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr. Bradford B. Lowell for providing us with β-less and WT breeding pairs. Funding sources: This work was supported by NIH Grant DK028082 (to E.M.F) and by an Institutional Research Training Grant NRSA 5T32DK751627 (to N.D.). Introduction The e

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Within the classical secr

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  Acknowledgments Introduction Within the classical secretory pathway, transmembrane and soluble cargos travel via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus en route to their final destinations [1]. However, at a post-Golgi level, trafficking routes can diverge. In this context, the tra

• The central problem in amnesia developing following impairme

  2024-03-13

  

  The central problem in amnesia developing following impairment of long-term memory consolidation or reconsolidation is a question of the underlying mechanisms, whether it is caused by impairment of retrieval or memory storage mechanisms [3,8,9,[15], [16], [17], [18]]. To answer this question, severa

• Does dietary caffeine interfere with antinociception

  2024-03-13

  

  (8) Does dietary caffeine interfere with antinociception by other modalities that alter pain (TENS, exercise, joint mobilization, water immersion therapy)? Caffeine and/or A1R antagonists inhibit antinociception by each of these modalities in preclinical studies, such that there is potential for int

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