• Targeted disruption of the Akt gene in mice induces

  2023-09-13

  

  Targeted disruption of the Akt1 gene in mice induces a growth retardation phenotype [4,19]. Akt2 KO mice reveal mild growth retardation and insulin resistance [4,20,21]. Akt1/2 double KO (DKO) mice display severe growth deficiency and die shortly after birth. These mice exhibit impaired bone and ski

• AHR is essential for IL production

  2023-09-13

  

  AHR is essential for IL-22 production by T 8602 and ILC3s [83]. Coexpression of AHR and RORγt by retroviral transduction in a thymoma cell line, EL4, synergistically upregulates IL-22 expression [48]. The cooperativity between AHR and RORγt has also been observed in primary T cells (L.Z., unpublishe

• br Rapid nongenomic effects of corticosterone in an amphibia

  2023-09-13

  

  Rapid nongenomic effects of corticosterone in an amphibian model Studies in the model organism, the roughskin newt, Taricha granulosa, over 30 years ago led to the discovery that stress can rapidly (within minutes) suppress sexual behavior (amplectic clasping) of male T. granulosa, an effect that

• Regarding androgens it is known that they are also essential

  2023-09-13

  

  Regarding androgens, it is known that they are also essential for reproductive success (Walters et al., 2010). At the molecular level, their effects are produced mainly by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), arising from the conversion of testosterone by the enzyme 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid-4-dehydrogenase (enco

• In young animals the HT A

  2023-09-13

  

  In young animals, the 5-HT2A Fusaric Acid antagonist ketanserin, at relatively low concentrations, shifted 5-HT concentration-response curves rightward, suggesting a role for 5-HT2A receptors in mediating 5-HT-induced contractions of the ureter. The slopes of the ketanserin Schild plots for the ant

• Spectinomycin hydrochloride hydrate Our results showed suppr

  2023-09-13

  

  Our results showed suppressed autophagy in GECs under HAGG stimulation. Recently, people have paid more attentions on the roles of autophagy in lupus and tried to use autophagy regulators for therapy. Rapamycin could prevent the development of nephritis [49] and attenuate the established nephritis [

• MLN another selective Aurora A inhibitor is said to

  2023-09-13

  

  MLN8237, another selective Aurora-A inhibitor is said to be more potent than MLN8054 and to cause less benzodiazepine-like side effects based on structure modulation by the addition of a methoxy group to either end of the MLN8054 molecule. It was studied [62] in a once daily (QD) schedule for 7 days

• While the yeasts and see Glossary each

  2023-09-13

  

  While the yeasts and (see Glossary) each contain only one Aurora homolog, Ipl1p (increase in ploidy 1) and Ark1 (Aurora-related kinase 1), respectively 5, 6, , and Xenopus laevis contain two Aurora kinases: Aurora A and Aurora B [4]. Mammals have three Aurora kinases, A, B, and C (Figure 1). In anim

• In liver the essential organ

  2023-09-13

  

  In liver, the essential organ of lipoprotein synthesis, ACL plays a fundamental role in lipogenesis and steroidogenesis by supplying cytosolic bromodomain to both pathways. By using a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate (citrate) to produce acetyl CoA, ACL can be seen as an important bridge betwe

• Introduction An association of elevated branched chain

  2023-09-13

  

  Introduction An association of elevated branched-chain angiotensin receptor blocker (BCAA—Leu, Val, Ile) with obesity and insulin resistance was first reported nearly 50 years ago (Felig et al., 1969). With the advent of metabolomics technologies, it has since become apparent that the association

• br Acknowledgements We would like

  2023-09-13

  

  Acknowledgements We would like to thank Dr. Thomas Blanpied, Sai Sachin Divakaruni, Dr. Helmut Kessels, Feline Lindhout, Dieudonnée van de Willige, and all members of the MacGillavry lab for discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by NWO (ALW-VENI 863.13.020, A

• In our previous report salivary arginase levels were found t

  2023-09-13

  

  In our previous report, salivary arginase levels were found to be higher in periodontitis patients compared to healthy controls (Ozmeriç, Elgün, & Uraz, 2000). However, only one study has investigated arginase ezyme in saliva in patients with dental implants in which smokers were also included. An i

• Despite their different effects on cell survival

  2023-09-13

  

  Despite their different effects on cell survival, the functions of autophagy and apoptosis are not completely independent. Additionally, Cho et al. (2009) suggested that the mediation of caspase-3 links the apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways. Consequently, to illuminate the correlation, exc

• In addition to calpain I activity cathepsin activities

  2023-09-13

  

  In addition to calpain I activity, cathepsin activities have been proven to be linked to apoptotic signaling. Cathepsin B and cathepsin D are two of the most abundant and well-investigated lysosome acid-dependent proteases that are involved in the apoptotic regulation (Ferri & Kroemer, 2001). Cathep

• carteolol receptor br Conflicts of interest br Introduction

  2023-09-13

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a technique used for the treatment of several malignant and non malignant diseases (Akimoto, 2016, Keyal, Bhatta, Wang, 2016, Morton, Szeimies, Sidoroff, Wennberg, Basset-Seguin, Calzavara-Pinton, Gilaberte, Hofbauer, Hunger, Kar

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